dictyNews
Electronic Edition
Volume 45, number 2
January 18, 2019
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Abstracts
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The Role of ATG16 in Autophagy and The Ubiquitin Proteasome
System
Qiuhong Xiong, Wenjing Li, Ping Li, Min Yang, Changxin Wu, and
Ludwig Eichinger
Cells, in press
Autophagy and the ubiquitin proteasome system (UPS) are the two
major cellular degradation pathways, which are critical for the
maintenance of cell homeostasis. The two pathways differ in their
mechanisms and clients. The evolutionary conserved ATG16 plays
a key role in autophagy and appears to link autophagy with the UPS.
Here, we review the role of ATG16 in different species. We
summarize the current knowledge of its functions in autophagosome
membrane expansion and autophagosome formation, in Crohn’s
disease, and in bacterial sequestration. In addition, we provide
information on its autophagy-independent functions and its role in
the crosstalk between autophagy and the UPS.
submitted by: Ludwig Eichinger [[log in to unmask]]
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Functional Characterisation of the Ubiquitin-like Core Autophagy
Protein ATG12 in Dictyostelium discoideum.
Sarah Fischer, Ramesh Rijal, Peter Frommolt, Prerana Wagle,
Roman Konertz, Jan Faix, Susanne Meßling, and Ludwig Eichinger
Cells, in press
Autophagy is a highly conserved intracellular degradative pathway
that is crucial for cellular homeostasis. During autophagy, the core
autophagy protein ATG12 plays together with ATG5 and ATG16 an
essential role in the expansion of the autophagosomal membrane.
We analysed gene replacement mutants of atg12 in Dictyostelium
discoideum AX2 wild type and ATG16- cells. RNAseq analysis
revealed a strong enrichment of autophagy genes among the up-
regulated and of genes implicated in cell motility and phagocytosis
among the down-regulated genes in the generated ATG12-, ATG16-
and ATG12-/16- cells. The mutant strains showed similar defects in
fruiting body formation, autolysosome maturation and cellular
viability, implying that ATG12 and ATG16 act as a functional unit in
canonical autophagy. In contrast, ablation of ATG16 or of ATG12
and ATG16 resulted in slightly more severe defects in axenic growth,
macropinocytosis and protein homeostasis than ablation of only
ATG12, suggesting that ATG16 fulfils an additional function in these
processes. Phagocytosis of yeast, spore viability and maximal cell
density were much more affected in ATG12‾/16-cells,
indicating that both proteins have also cellular functions independent
of each other. In summary, we show that ATG12 and ATG16 also
fulfil autophagy-independent functions in addition to their role in
canonical autophagy.
submitted by: Ludwig Eichinger [[log in to unmask]]
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[End dictyNews, volume 45, number 2]
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