dictyNews
Electronic Edition
Volume 44, number 27
September 28, 2018
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Abstracts
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Sensing of substratum rigidity and directional migration by fast-crawling
cells
Chika Okimura1, Yuichi Sakumura2,3, Katsuya Shimabukuro4, and
Yoshiaki Iwadate1
1Faculty of Science, Yamaguchi University, Yamaguchi 753-8512, Japan
2School of Information Science and Technology, Aichi Prefectural University,
Aichi 480-1198, Japan
3Graduate School of Science and Technology, Nara Institute of Science and
Technology, Nara, 630-0192, Japan
4Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering, National Institute of
Technology, Ube College, Ube 755-8555, Japan
Physical Review, E 97 (5), 052401
Living cells sense the mechanical properties of their surrounding environment
and respond accordingly. Crawling cells detect the rigidity of their substratum
and migrate in certain directions. They can be classified into two categories:
slow-moving and fast-moving cell types. Slow-moving cell types, such as
fibroblasts, smooth muscle cells, mesenchymal stem cells, etc., move toward
rigid areas on the substratum in response to a rigidity gradient. However, there
is not much information on rigidity sensing in fast-moving cell types whose size
is about 10 um and migration velocity is about 10 um/min. In this study, we
used both isotropic substrata with different rigidities and an anisotropic
substratum that is rigid on the x axis but soft on the y axis to demonstrate
rigidity sensing by fast-moving Dictyostelium cells and neutrophil-like
differentiated HL-60 cells. Dictyostelium cells exerted larger traction forces on
a more rigid isotropic substratum. Dictyostelium cells and HL-60 cells migrated
in the “soft” direction on the anisotropic substratum, although myosin II–null
Dictyostelium cells migrated in random directions, indicating that rigidity
sensing of fast-moving cell types differs from that of slow types and is induced
by a myosin II–related process.
submitted by: Yoshiaki Iwadate [[log in to unmask]]
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Chemical compounds from Dictyostelium discoideum repel a plant-parasitic
nematode and can protect roots
Yumiko F. Saito1, Saki H. Miyazaki1, Derek G. Bartlem2, #a, Yukiko
Nagamatsu3 and Tamao Saito4*
1 Graduate School of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo,
JAPAN
2 Research Faculty of Agriculture, Hokkaido University, Sapporo, JAPAN
3 Institute of Environmental Science, Panefri Industrial Company, Okinawa,
JAPAN
4 Faculty of Science and Technology, Sophia University, Tokyo, JAPAN
PLOS One, in press
Slime mold species in the genus Dictyostelium are considered to have a close
relationship with non-parasitic nematodes; they are sympatric in soils and can
exhibit interspecific competition for food. We investigated whether this
relationship extends to a plant-parasitic nematode that is active in the
rhizosphere and has broad host specificity, damaging crops worldwide. Using
a novel assay to examine the interaction between the cellular slime mold,
Dictyostelium discoideum, and the plant-parasitic nematodes, Meloidogyne spp.,
we found that cellular slime molds can repel plant parasitic nematodes.
Specifically, the repulsion activity was in response to chemical compounds
released by cellular slime mold fruiting bodies. Under laboratory conditions,
these soluble chemical extracts from fruiting bodies of D. discoideum showed
repulsion activity strong enough to protect plant roots. The fruiting body cell
extracts repelled but were not toxic to the plant-parasitic nematodes.
submitted by: Tamao Saito [[log in to unmask]]
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[End dictyNews, volume 44, number 27]
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